Understanding and Coping with Trauma
What is Trauma?
Trauma is an emotional response to a situation that is frightening, overwhelming, or involves a loss of control. Following a crime or tragedy, victims, witnesses, friends, and family members can experience a difficult adjustment period.
To learn more about trauma, consult the Government of Canada, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, and Canadian Resource Centre for Victims of Crime.
Common Reactions to Trauma
Trauma responses vary between each unique case and individual. Some responses occur at the moment of victimization, while others may arise during the investigation, court process, and beyond.
Common reactions include:
- Behavioural (avoidance, withdrawal, disengagement, substance misuse, self-harm, argumentation, loss of trust, trouble communicating, and fear of being alone)
- Cognitive (intrusive thoughts, hypervigilance, memory loss, trouble concentrating, nightmares, flashbacks, and confusion)
- Emotional (fear, anger, resentment, denial, dissociation, anxiety, vulnerability, embarrassment, disbelief, detachment, sadness, grief, and a sense of violation)
- Physical (sleep disturbances, appetite changes, headaches, dizziness, aches and pains, panic attacks, nausea, trembling, sweating, and increased heart rate)
These reactions can last hours, days, or even years depending on the individual and their unique situation. Although these reactions are upsetting, they are common responses and support is available.
Coping with Trauma
Discussing traumatic experiences with a professional and accessing community support services can empower survivors to move forward.
To explore local support services, consult our resources page.